Bhutan
Sector: Transport/Road Total Cost: $39 Million Status: Ongoing
About 180 kilometers of the southern east-west highway in Bhutan is being upgraded or constructed under this project: (i) Manita-Raidak, (ii) Raidak-Lhamoizingkha, (iii) Pangbang-Amshingwoong (Nganglam), (iv) Tsebar-Mikuri-Durung Ri, and (v)...
Sector: Transport/Air Total Cost: $8 Million Status: Ongoing
ADB is financing airport infrastructure to enhance safety, security, and capacity at three of Bhutan’s domestic airports — Bumthang, Gelephu, and Yonphula. The project will improve connectivity for less-developed regions of Bhutan, boosting the...
Sector: Energy Total Cost: $1.60 Million Status: Completed
This technical assistance aimed to expand the national power supply and extend electricity to remote rural households through rural electrification, interregional transmission links, and Dagachhu hydropower development. This contributed to...
Sector: Energy Total Cost: $1 Million Status: Ongoing
The Green Power Development Project II will export Bhutan’s hydropower to both Bangladesh and India, through Indian power traders. This project preparatory technical assistance will help address capacity assessment for executing and implementing...
Sector: Energy Total Cost: $198.18 Million Status: Ongoing
Construction of the 118 MW run-of-river Nikachhu hydropower plant will expand regional power trade by further increasing clean hydropower generation in Bhutan to meet growing domestic electricity demand, and also export power to India through a...
Bhutan is a founding member of the SASEC Program, joining with Bangladesh, India, and Nepal in 2001 to form this project-based partnership. Maldives and Sri Lanka became full members of SASEC in May 2014, following several years as active observers.
Bhutan's Twelfth Five Year Plan for 2018–2023 envisions a just, harmonious, and sustainable society through enhanced decentralization. The plan highlights priorities to reduce poverty and inequality and ensure renewable energy supply. The plan also intends to enhance cooperation with other countries and strengthen engagement in international and regional frameworks.
SASEC Projects in Bhutan
Since 2003, the Government of Bhutan has signed 10 ADB-financed SASEC investment projects worth $680.29 million.
In addition to projects, ADB-financed technical assistance has supported SASEC investment projects in Bhutan, regional cooperation forums and knowledge-sharing initiatives, and pilot projects since 2001. A total of 20 national technical assistance projects (cumulative worth over $22.76 million) have assisted Bhutan in project preparation, strategic planning, and capacity building.
Trade Snapshot
Direction of Intraregional Trade
The value of Bhutan's merchandise exports and imports trade with other SASEC countries, using International Monetary Fund data from 2025, is captured in the tables below.
Bhutan's top import source in the SASEC subregion is India, with imported goods valued at over $3.8 billion. Bangladesh exported goods to Bhutan worth $13 million while Nepal exported goods to Bhutan valued at $9 million.
Bhutan's top export destination in the SASEC subregion is India, with exported goods from Bhutan valued at $781 million. It exported goods to Nepal worth $5 million and to Bangladesh worth $3 million.
Bhutan Trade - Import
Source: IMF Direction of Trade Statistics via ARIC Database, accessed June 2025
Bhutan Trade - Export
Source: IMF Direction of Trade Statistics via ARIC Database, accessed June 2025
Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
Bhutan registered an overall LPI score of 2.9 in 2023, improving on its 2018 score of 2.17. Bhutan registered improved scores in most categories, getting its highest score in customs at 2.7, resulting in an overall 2023 rank of 97 out of 139 economies.
Source: World Bank LPI (accessed May 2023)
Note: The LPI overall score reflects perceptions of a country's logistics based on six core dimensions: (i) efficiency of customs clearance process, (ii) quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure, (iii) ease of arranging competitively priced shipments, (iv) quality of logistics services, (v) ability to track and trace consignments, and (vi) frequency with which shipments reach the consignee within the scheduled time. The scores for the six areas are averaged across all respondents and aggregated to a single score using principal components analysis. A higher score indicates better performance.
Economic Outlook
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Bhutan is estimated to grow by 8.5% in fiscal year (FY) 2025 behind expansion in industry and hydroelectric production, while GDP growth is estimated at 6.0% in FY2026. Inflation in Bhutan is projected at 3.4% in FY2025 due to the continued rise in food prices tempered by a moderation in fuel prices. Inflation is projected at 3.5% in FY2026.
Source: Asian Development Outlook April 2025 (ADB)
In Bhutan, GDP is projected to grow at 4.5% in FY2022-2023 as the further reopening of borders support growth in industry and services. Slow global growth will temper tourist arrivals and will hold back growth in FY2023-2024. The expansion in services and the launch of a new hydropower plant will contribute to growth in the medium term.
Source: South Asia Development Update April 2024 (WB)